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### 9 Crossed modules of groupoids

The material documented in this chapter is experimental, and is likely to be changed very soon.

#### 9.1 Constructions for crossed modules of groupoids

A typical example of a crossed module mathcalX over a groupoid has for its range a connected groupoid. This is a direct product of a group with a complete graph, and we call the vertices of the graph the objects of the crossed module. The source of mathcalX is a groupoid, with the same objects, which is either discrete or connected. The boundary morphism is constant on objects. For details and other references see [AW10].

##### 9.1-1 SinglePiecePreXModWithObjects
 ‣ SinglePiecePreXModWithObjects( pxmod, obs, isdisc ) ( operation )

At present the experimental operation SinglePiecePreXModWithObjects accepts a precrossed module pxmod, a set of objects obs, and a boolean isdisc which is true when the source groupoid is homogeneous and discrete and false when the source groupoid is connected. Other operations will be added as time permits.

In the example the crossed module DX4 has discrete source, while the crossed module CX4 has connected source. These are groupoid equivalents of XModByNormalSubgroup (2.1-1).


gap> s4 := Group( (1,2,3,4), (3,4) );;
gap> SetName( s4, "s4" );
gap> a4 := Subgroup( s4, [ (1,2,3), (2,3,4) ] );;
gap> SetName( a4, "a4" );
gap> X4 := XModByNormalSubgroup( s4, a4 );;
gap> DX4 := SinglePiecePreXModWithObjects( X4, [-9,-8,-7], true );
precrossed module with source groupoid:
homogeneous, discrete groupoid: < a4, [ -9, -8, -7 ] >
and range groupoid:
single piece groupoid: < s4, [ -9, -8, -7 ] >
gap> Da4 := Source( DX4 );;
gap> Ds4 := Range( DX4 );;
gap> CX4 := SinglePiecePreXModWithObjects( X4, [-9,-8,-7], false );
precrossed module with source groupoid:
single piece groupoid: < a4, [ -9, -8, -7 ] >
and range groupoid:
single piece groupoid: < s4, [ -9, -8, -7 ] >
gap> Ca4 := Source( CX4 );;
gap> Cs4 := Range( CX4 );;



##### 9.1-2 IsXModWithObjects
 ‣ IsXModWithObjects( pxmod ) ( property )
 ‣ IsPreXModWithObjects( pxmod ) ( property )
 ‣ IsDirectProductWithCompleteDigraphDomain( pxmod ) ( property )

The precrossed module DX4 belongs to the category Is2DimensionalGroupWithObjects and is, of course, a crossed module.


gap> IsXModWithObjects( DX4 );
true
gap> KnownPropertiesOfObject( DX4 );
[ "CanEasilyCompareElements", "CanEasilySortElements", "IsDuplicateFree",
"IsGeneratorsOfSemigroup", "IsSinglePieceDomain",
"IsDirectProductWithCompleteDigraphDomain", "IsPreXModWithObjects",
"IsXModWithObjects" ]



##### 9.1-3 IsPermPreXModWithObjects
 ‣ IsPermPreXModWithObjects( pxmod ) ( property )
 ‣ IsPcPreXModWithObjects( pxmod ) ( property )
 ‣ IsFpPreXModWithObjects( pxmod ) ( property )

To test these properties we test the precrossed modules from which they were constructed.


gap> IsPermPreXModWithObjects( CX4 );
true
gap> IsPcPreXModWithObjects( CX4 );
false
gap> IsFpPreXModWithObjects( CX4 );
false



##### 9.1-4 Root2dGroup
 ‣ Root2dGroup( pxmod ) ( attribute )
 ‣ XModAction( pxmod ) ( attribute )

The attributes of a precrossed module with objects include the standard Source; Range; Boundary (2.1-2); and XModAction (2.1-2) as with precrossed modules of groups. There is also ObjectList, as in the groupoids package. Additionally there is Root2dGroup which is the underlying precrossed module used in the construction.

Note that XModAction is now a groupoid homomorphism from the source groupoid to a one-object groupoid (with object 0) where the group is the automorphism group of the range groupoid.


gap> Set( KnownAttributesOfObject( CX4 ) );
[ "Boundary", "ObjectList", "Range", "Root2dGroup", "Source", "XModAction" ]
gap> Root2dGroup( CX4 );
[a4->s4]
gap> act := XModAction( CX4 );;
gap> r := Arrow( Cs4, (1,2,3,4), -7, -8 );;
gap> ImageElm( act, r );
[groupoid homomorphism :
[ [ [(1,2,3) : -9 -> -9], [(2,3,4) : -9 -> -9], [() : -9 -> -8],
[() : -9 -> -7] ],
[ [(2,3,4) : -9 -> -9], [(1,3,4) : -9 -> -9], [() : -9 -> -7],
[() : -9 -> -8] ] ] : 0 -> 0]
gap> s := Arrow( Ca4, (1,2,4), -8, -8 );;
gap> ##  calculate s^r
gap> ims := ImageElmXModAction( CX4, s, r );
[(1,2,3) : -7 -> -7]



There is much more to be done with these constructions.

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